xov xwm

Alzheimer's disease, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg laus, tau plagued neeg feem coob.

Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem hauv kev kho mob Alzheimer's tus kab mob yog tias kev xa cov tshuaj kho mob mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub paj hlwb yog txwv los ntawm cov ntshav-hlwb barrier. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias MRI-coj kev siv qis qis tsom mus rau ultrasound tuaj yeem thim rov qab qhib cov ntshav-hlwb hauv cov neeg mob Alzheimer's kab mob lossis lwm yam kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, suav nrog Parkinson's disease, hlwb hlav, thiab amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Ib qho pov thawj me me tsis ntev los no ntawm kev sim ntawm Rockefeller lub koom haum rau Neuroscience ntawm West Virginia University tau pom tias cov neeg mob Alzheimer's tus kab mob uas tau txais aducanumab infusion ua ke nrog tsom ultrasound ib ntus qhib cov ntshav-hlwb teeb meem txo qis lub paj hlwb amyloid beta (Aβ) load ntawm sab sim. Kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem qhib qhov rooj tshiab rau kev kho mob hlwb.

Cov ntshav-hlwb thaiv thaiv lub hlwb tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo thaum tso cai rau cov as-ham tseem ceeb dhau mus. Tab sis cov ntshav-hlwb barrier tseem tiv thaiv kev xa cov tshuaj kho mob mus rau lub hlwb, ib qho kev sib tw uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kho Alzheimer's disease. Raws li lub ntiaj teb muaj hnub nyoog, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob Alzheimer's tau nce zuj zus txhua xyoo, thiab nws cov kev xaiv kho mob raug txwv, muab lub nra hnyav rau kev kho mob. Aducanumab yog ib qho amyloid beta (Aβ) -binding monoclonal antibody uas tau pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rau kev kho mob ntawm Alzheimer's kab mob, tab sis nws nkag mus rau cov ntshav-hlwb barrier yog txwv.

Focused ultrasound tsim cov tshuab tsis muaj zog uas ua rau oscillations ntawm compression thiab dilution. Thaum txhaj rau hauv cov ntshav thiab raug rau lub tshav ultrasonic, cov npuas compress thiab nthuav ntau tshaj li cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntshav. Cov oscillations tsim txhua yam kev ntxhov siab rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, ua rau cov kev sib txuas nruj ntawm cov hlwb endothelial kom ncab thiab qhib (Daim duab hauv qab). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntshav-hlwb teeb meem yog cuam tshuam, cia cov molecules mus rau hauv lub hlwb. Cov ntshav-hlwb barrier kho nws tus kheej hauv li rau teev.

Daim duab qhia tau hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm kev taw qhia ultrasound ntawm cov phab ntsa capillary thaum micrometer-loj npuas muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Vim yog lub siab compressibility ntawm cov pa, cov npuas cog lus thiab nthuav ntau dua li cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov hlwb endothelial. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau cov kev sib txuas kaw ntom nti qhib thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau astrocyte endings poob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cuam tshuam qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlab ntsha-hlwb thaiv thiab txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlwb endothelial raug tsom mus rau ultrasound txhim kho lawv cov haujlwm thauj khoom vacuolar thiab suppressed efflux twj tso kua mis muaj nuj nqi, yog li txo lub hlwb clearance ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Daim duab B qhia txog lub sijhawm kho mob, uas suav nrog suav tomography (CT) thiab sib nqus resonance imaging (MRI) los tsim cov kev kho mob ultrasound, 18F-flubitaban positron emission tomography (PET) ntawm lub hauv paus, antibody infusion ua ntej tsom ultrasound kev kho mob thiab microvesicular infusion thaum kho, thiab acoustic saib xyuas ntawm microvesicular kev kho mob. Cov duab tau txais tom qab tsom mus rau kev kho mob ultrasound suav nrog T1-hnyav qhov sib piv-hloov MRI, uas pom tau tias cov ntshav-hlwb barrier tau qhib hauv thaj chaw kho mob ultrasound. Cov duab ntawm tib cheeb tsam tom qab 24 mus rau 48 teev ntawm kev kho mob ultrasound tsom pom kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntshav-hlwb barrier. Ib qho 18F-flubitaban PET scan thaum taug qab hauv ib qho ntawm cov neeg mob 26 lub lis piam tom qab tau pom tias txo qis Aβ qib hauv lub hlwb tom qab kho. Daim duab C qhia txog MRI-kev taw qhia tsom ultrasound teeb thaum kho. Lub kaus mom hlau hemispherical transducer muaj ntau dua 1,000 qhov chaw ultrasound uas sib koom ua ke rau ib qho chaw focal hauv lub hlwb siv cov kev taw qhia ntawm MRI.

Hauv xyoo 2001, tsom mus rau ultrasound tau pom thawj zaug los txhawb kev qhib cov ntshav-hlwb hauv kev tshawb fawb tsiaj, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb tom ntej tau pom tias tsom ultrasound tuaj yeem txhim kho kev xa tshuaj thiab kev ua tau zoo. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau pom tias tsom mus rau ultrasound tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb qhib cov hlab ntsha-hlwb hauv cov neeg mob Alzheimer's uas tsis tau txais tshuaj, thiab tseem tuaj yeem xa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub hlwb mob qog noj ntshav.

Microbubble tus txheej txheem

Microbubbles yog ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm ultrasound uas feem ntau yog siv los soj ntsuam cov ntshav khiav thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv kev kuaj mob ultrasound. Thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob ultrasound, phospholipid-coated non-pyrogenic npuas ncua kev kawm ntawv ntawm octafluoropropane tau txhaj tshuaj intravenously (Daim duab 1B). Microbubbles yog polydispersed heev, nrog diameters li ntawm tsawg tshaj li 1 μm mus rau ntau tshaj 10 μm. Octafluoropropane yog cov roj ruaj khov uas tsis yog metabolized thiab tuaj yeem tawm hauv lub ntsws. Lub plhaub lipid uas qhwv thiab stabilizes cov npuas yog tsim los ntawm peb lub ntuj tib neeg lipids uas yog metabolized nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo sib xws rau endogenous phospholipids.

Generation ntawm tsom ultrasound

Focused ultrasound yog tsim los ntawm hemispherical transducer kaus mom hlau uas nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg mob lub taub hau (Daim duab 1C). Lub kaus mom hlau yog nruab nrog 1024 ntawm nws tus kheej tswj hwm ultrasound qhov chaw, uas yog ib txwm tsom rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hemisphere. Cov chaw ultrasound no tau tsav los ntawm sinusoidal xov tooj cua zaus voltages thiab emit ultrasonic tsis coj los ntawm magnetic resonance imaging. Tus neeg mob hnav lub kaus mom hlau thiab dej degassed ncig lub taub hau kom yooj yim rau kev xa mus rau ultrasound. Lub ultrasound taug kev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab pob txha taub hau mus rau lub hlwb lub hom phiaj.

Kev hloov ntawm pob txha taub hau tuab thiab ntom yuav cuam tshuam rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm ultrasound, ua rau lub sijhawm sib txawv me ntsis rau ultrasound kom ncav cuag qhov txhab. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no tuaj yeem raug kho los ntawm kev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tomography siab kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog pob txha taub hau, tuab, thiab ntom. Lub computer simulation qauv tuaj yeem xam cov theem them nyiaj hloov pauv ntawm txhua lub teeb liab tsav kom rov ua kom pom tseeb. Los ntawm kev tswj cov theem ntawm lub teeb liab RF, lub ultrasound tuaj yeem tsom mus rau hauv tshuab hluav taws xob thiab muab tso rau kom npog cov ntaub so ntswg ntau yam tsis tau txav mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv ultrasound. Qhov chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj cov ntaub so ntswg yog txiav txim los ntawm magnetic resonance imaging ntawm lub taub hau thaum hnav kaus mom hlau. Lub hom phiaj ntim tau ntim nrog daim phiaj peb-seem ntawm cov ntsiab lus ultrasonic thauj tog rau nkoj, uas tso tawm ultrasonic nthwv dej ntawm txhua lub thauj tog rau nkoj taw tes rau 5-10 ms, rov ua dua txhua 3 vib nas this. Lub zog ultrasonic tau maj mam nce mus txog qhov xav tau ntawm cov npuas tawg tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd tuav rau 120 vib nas this. Cov txheej txheem no rov ua dua ntawm lwm cov meshes kom txog thaum lub hom phiaj ntim tau them tag nrho.

Qhib cov ntshav-hlwb barrier yuav tsum tau lub amplitude ntawm lub suab nthwv dej kom dhau ib qho chaw pib, tshaj li qhov permeability ntawm lub barrier nce nrog nce siab amplitude mus txog rau thaum cov ntaub so ntswg puas, manifested li erythrocyte exosmosis, los ntshav, apoptosis, thiab necrosis, tag nrho cov uas feem ntau yog txuam nrog bubble (hu ua cavertial bubble). Qhov chaw pib nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm microbubble thiab cov khoom siv plhaub. Los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas thiab txhais cov cim ultrasonic tawg los ntawm cov microbubbles, qhov raug yuav raug khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb.

Tom qab kev kho mob ultrasound, T1-hnyav MRI nrog tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv tau siv los txiav txim siab seb cov ntshav-hlwb lub hlwb puas tau qhib ntawm lub hom phiaj qhov chaw, thiab cov dluab T2-hnyav tau siv los xyuas kom meej tias puas muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis los ntshav tshwm sim. Cov kev soj ntsuam no muab kev taw qhia rau kev kho lwm yam kev kho mob, yog tias tsim nyog.

Kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev kho mob

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob ntawm lub hlwb Aβ load los ntawm kev sib piv 18F-flubitaban positron emission tomography ua ntej thiab tom qab kev kho mob los ntsuas qhov txawv ntawm Aβ ntim ntawm thaj chaw kho mob thiab thaj chaw zoo sib xws ntawm sab nraud. Kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los los ntawm tib pab pawg tau pom tias tsuas yog tsom mus rau ultrasound tuaj yeem txo qis Aβ qib. Qhov kev txo qis tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim no tseem ntau dua li hauv cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev nthuav dav kev kho mob rau ob sab ntawm lub paj hlwb yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas nws cov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev ncua kev kis kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los txiav txim siab txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tau ntev, thiab cov khoom siv kho mob raug nqi uas tsis tso siab rau online MRI kev taw qhia yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom tau ua rau muaj kev cia siab tias kev kho mob thiab tshuaj uas tshem tawm Aβ tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb Alzheimer txoj kev loj hlob.